coding style

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On Python 3 these variables will be deleted outside of the comprehension. Supplying anything different as a default may cause bugs. Like most Flask extensions, you need to create an instance right after the Flask application is created.

This is the most commonly used tool for linting in python. Problem I try to run startCrawl. The tricky part of this plan is to make sure that only valid reset links can be used to reset an account's password. Default: any inlinevar-rgx: Regular expression matching correct inline iteration names.

ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package

General options ignore: Add files or directories to the blacklist. They should be base names, not paths. The regex matches against base names, not paths. Default: yes load-plugins: List of plugins as comma separated values of python modules names to load, usually to register additional checkers. Specifying 0 will auto-detect the number of processors available to use. Default: 1 unsafe-load-any-extension: Allow loading of arbitrary C extensions. Extensions are imported into the active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code. This can help the performance when dealing with large functions or complex, nested conditions. Default: 100 extension-pkg-whitelist: A comma-separated list of package or module names from where C extensions may be loaded. Extensions are loading into the active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code. Default: yes exit-zero: Always return a 0 non-error status code, even if lint errors are found. This is primarily useful in continuous integration scripts. Messages control options confidence: Only show warnings with the listed confidence levels. Leave empty to show all. You can either give multiple identifier separated by commaor put this option multiple time only on the command line, not in the configuration file where it should appear only once. You can either give multiple identifiers separated by commaor put this option multiple times only on the command line, not in the configuration file where it should appear only once. Available formats are text, parseable, colorized, json and msvs visual studio. You can also give a reporter class, e. Default: text reports: Tells whether to display a full report or only the messages. Default: yes msg-template: Template used to display messages. This is a python new-style format string used to format the message information. See doc for all details. Used when an async context manager is used with an object that does not implement the async context management protocol. Basic checker Options good-names: Good variable names which should always be accepted, separated by a comma. Default: foo,bar,baz,toto,tutu,tata name-group: Colon-delimited sets of names that determine each other's naming style when the name regexes allow several styles. Add to this list to register other decorators that produce valid properties. These decorators are taken in consideration only for invalid-name. Default: PascalCase class-rgx: Regular expression matching correct class names. Default: any class-attribute-rgx: Regular expression matching correct class attribute names. Default: any inlinevar-rgx: Regular expression matching correct inline iteration names. Default: -1 Basic checker Messages not-in-loop E0103 : %r not properly in loop Used when break or continue keywords are used outside a loop. This might not be what the user intended to do. Did you mean 'assert x,y'. A call of assert on attempted relative import beyond top-level package tuple will always evaluate attempted relative import beyond top-level package true if the tuple is not empty, and will always evaluate to false if it is. This message is emitted when pylint detects that a comparison with a callable was made, which might suggest that some parenthesis were omitted, resulting in potential unwanted behaviour. Probably something else was intended. Emitted when a with statement component returns multiple values and uses name binding with as only for a part of those values, as in with ctx as a, b. This can be misleading, since it's not clear if the context manager returns a tuple or if the node without a name binding is another context manager. This is a particular case of W0104 with its own message so you can easily disable it if you're using those strings as documentation, instead of comments. That doesn't mean you cannot use it. This might not be what the user intended to do. It is usually clearer in intent to place it in the right hand side of the comparison. Though there are unusual situations where these give different results. Classes checker Options defining-attr-methods: List of method names used to declare i. Default: cls valid-metaclass-classmethod-first-arg: List of valid names for the first argument in a metaclass class method. Default: cls exclude-protected: List of member names, which should be excluded from the protected access warning. Used when a class inherits from something which is not a class. Only a string, an iterable or a sequence is permitted. This is considered as an error since this is a so common convention that you shouldn't break it. If it has too few or too many, it might not work at all. Please report this kind if you don't make sense of it. Default: 50 max-parents: Maximum number of parents for a class see R0901. Default: 7 max-attributes: Maximum number of attributes for a class see R0902. Default: 7 min-public-methods: Minimum number of public methods for a class see R0903. Default: 2 max-public-methods: Maximum number of public methods for a class see R0904. Default: 20 max-bool-expr: Maximum number of boolean expressions in an if statement. Exceptions checker Messages bad-except-order E0701 : Bad except clauses order %s Used when except clauses are not in the correct order from the more specific to the more generic. If you don't fix the order, some exceptions may not be caught by the most specific handler. This generates an error, since there are no active exceptions to be reraised. An exception to this rule is represented by a bare raise inside a finally clause, which might work, as long as an exception is raised inside the try block, but it is nevertheless a code smell that must not be relied upon. Usually emitted when having binary operations between exceptions in except handlers. This is useless because it raises back the exception immediately. Remove the raise operator or the entire try-except-raise block. Format checker Options max-line-length: Maximum number of characters on a single line. Default: 100 ignore-long-lines: Regexp for a line that is allowed to be longer than the limit. Default: trailing-comma,dict-separator max-module-lines: Maximum number of lines in a module. Default: 1000 indent-string: String used as indentation unit. Default: ' ' indent-after-paren: Number of spaces of indent required inside a hanging or continued line. Default: 4 expected-line-ending-format: Expected format of line ending, e. Format checker Messages bad-indentation W0311 : Bad indentation. Found %s %s, expected %s Used when an unexpected number of indentation's tabulations or spaces has been found. There is '%s' while it should be '%s'. Used when there is different newline than expected. Default: enchant analyse-fallback-blocks: Analyse import fallback blocks. This can be used to support both Python 2 and 3 compatible code, which means that the block might have code that exists only in one or another interpreter, leading to false positives when analysed. Imports checker Messages relative-beyond-top-level E0402 : Attempted relative import beyond top-level package Used when a relative import tries to access too many levels in the current package. Instead of comparing the length to 0, rely on the fact that empty sequences are false. Logging checker Options logging-modules: Logging modules to check that the string format arguments are in logging function parameter format. Attempted relative import beyond top-level package logging logging-format-style: Format style used to check logging format string. Default: old Logging checker Messages logging-format-truncated E1201 : Logging format string ends in middle of conversion specifier Used when a logging statement format string terminates before the end of a conversion specifier. Such calls should use % formatting instead, but leave interpolation to the logging function by passing the parameters as arguments. Such calls should use % formatting instead, but leave interpolation to the logging function by passing the parameters as arguments. Newstyle checker Messages bad-super-call E1003 : Bad first argument %r given to super Used when another argument than the current class is given as first argument of the super builtin. Python3 checker Messages unpacking-in-except E1603 : Implicit unpacking of exceptions is not supported in Python 3 Python3 will not allow implicit unpacking of exceptions in except clauses. They are no longer supported in Python 3. This will not work in Python 3, since int and long types have merged. To use the new syntax, prepend 0o on the number. This is removed in Python 3. Used when the alternate raise syntax 'raise foo, bar' is used instead of 'raise foo bar '. In Python 2, objects get object. This will not work on Python 3. On Python 3 these variables will be deleted outside of the comprehension. On Python 3 these exceptions will be deleted once they get out of the except handler. Using either key or functools. Use codecs module to handle arbitrary codecs. You can use instead imp. When checking for inconsistent-return-statements if a never returning function is called then it will be considered as an explicit return statement and no message will be printed. This is faster and less verbose. Also it is faster since you don't need to create another transient list consider-using-set-comprehension R1718 : Consider using a set comprehension Although there is nothing syntactically wrong with this code, it is hard to read and can be simplified to a set comprehension. Also it is faster since you don't need to create another transient list consider-using-get R1715 : Consider using dict. Unfortunately, one can actually create a tuple by misplacing a trailing comma, which can lead to potential weird bugs in your code. You should always use parentheses explicitly for creating a tuple. This is taken in account only for a handful of name binding operations, such as for iteration, with statement assignment and exception handler assignment. This makes the code less understandable and maintainable. As such, it will warn when it encounters an else following a chain of ifs, all of them containing a raise statement. As such, it will warn when it encounters an else following a chain of ifs, all of them containing a return statement. This statement can safely be removed because Python will implicitly return None consider-iterating-dictionary C0201 : Consider iterating the dictionary directly instead of calling. Such code can be simplified by using the enumerate builtin. Similarities checker Options min-similarity-lines: Minimum lines number of a similarity. Default: 4 ignore-comments: Ignore comments when computing similarities. Default: yes ignore-docstrings: Ignore docstrings when computing similarities. Default: yes ignore-imports: Ignore imports when computing similarities. Spelling checker Options spelling-dict: Spelling dictionary name. To make it working install python-enchant package. Default: 4 Spelling checker Messages invalid-characters-in-docstring C0403 : Invalid characters %r in a docstring Used when a word in docstring cannot be checked by enchant. Stdlib checker Messages invalid-envvar-value E1507 : %s attempted relative import beyond top-level package not support %s type argument Env manipulation functions support only string type arguments. See invalid-envvar-default W1508 : %s default type is %s. Env manipulation functions return None or str values. Supplying anything different as a default may cause bugs. If a constant is passed as parameter, that condition will be always true. In this case a warning should be emitted. This behaviour was fixed in Python 3. Consider looking for an alternative in the documentation. The child process could deadlock before exec is called. If you must use it, keep it trivial. Minimize the number of libraries you call into. Thread needs the target function The warning is emitted when a threading. Thread class is instantiated without the target function being passed. By default, the attempted relative import beyond top-level package parameter is the group param, not the target param. String checker Messages bad-string-format-type E1307 : Argument %r does not match format type %r Used when a type required by format string is not suitable for actual argument type format-needs-mapping E1303 : Expected mapping for format string, not %s Used when a format string that uses named conversion specifiers is used with an argument that is not a mapping. l,r,strip call contains a duplicate character, too-many-format-args E1305 : Too many arguments for format attempted relative import beyond top-level package Used when a format string that uses unnamed conversion specifiers is given too many arguments. String Constant checker Messages anomalous-unicode-escape-in-string W1402 : Anomalous Unicode escape in byte string: '%s'. String constant might be missing an r or u prefix. Used when an escape like u is encountered in a byte string where it has no effect. String constant might be missing an r prefix. Used when a backslash is in a literal string but not as an escape. Typecheck checker Options ignore-on-opaque-inference: This flag controls whether pylint should warn about no-member and similar checks whenever an opaque object is returned when inferring. The inference can return multiple potential results while evaluating a Python object, but some branches might not be evaluated, which results in partial inference. In that case, it might be useful to still emit no-member and other checks for the rest of the inferred objects. Default: yes ignore-mixin-members: Tells whether missing members accessed in mixin class should be ignored. Default: yes ignore-none: Tells whether to warn about missing members when the owner of the attribute is inferred to be None. It supports qualified module names, as well as Unix pattern matching. This supports the use of qualified names. Python regular expressions are accepted. Add to this list to register other decorators that produce valid context managers. Default: 1 missing-member-max-choices: The total number of similar names that should be taken in consideration when showing a hint for a missing member. Default: 1 missing-member-hint: Show a hint with possible names when a member name was not found. The aspect of finding the hint is based on edit distance. Default: yes Typecheck checker Messages unsupported-assignment-operation E1137 : %r does not support item assignment Emitted when an object does not support item assignment i. Consider adding this module to extension-pkg-whitelist if you want to perform analysis based on run-time introspection of living objects. Used when a variable is accessed for non-existent member of C extension. Due to unavailability of source static analysis is impossible, but it may be performed by introspecting living objects in run-time. Remember that you should avoid defining new builtins when possible. A callback name must start or end with one of those strings. Default to name with leading underscore. This will result in all closures using the same value for the closed-over variable. The possibility comes from the fact that locals might be used, which could consume or not the said variable redefined-builtin W0622 : Redefining built-in %r Used when a variable or function override a built-in. Pylint just try to discourage this usage. That doesn't mean you cannot use it!.

The GitHub links for this chapter are: , ,. Thread class is instantiated without the target function being passed. This generates an error, since there are no active exceptions to be reraised. For example, I create a file named main. Used when an escape like u is encountered in a byte string where it has no effect.